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Many accidents with children or small adults, where the ignition of the airbag leads to dangerous and even fatal injuries for the passengers, have led to a number of efforts to analyze this so-called „Out-of-Position“ load cases more ...

Detailed finite element side impact dummy models of the USSID, EUROSID, and ES-2 have been developed in cooperation with the German Association for Automo- tive Research (FAT) during the last 5 years. All models are validated using ...

A finite element human model, THUMS (Total HUman Model for Safety), was developed in order to study human body responses to impact loads. This paper briefly describes the structure of the human model, as well as some of the results of ...

Daimler-Chrysler in particular needs to model the behaviour of padding and dummy parts for the numerica1 simu1ation of vehicle side impact and FMVSS201 interior head-impact. A common problem is the geometrical complexity of the parts ...

LS-DYNA has been widely used to study automotive crash. Default input parameters are generally chosen to give efficient, accurate crash simulation results. These defaults are not necessarily optimal for metal forming simulations. The ...

LS-DYNA has been applied to springback simulation by a large number of users, with generally mixed results. Some results have demonstrated 70% accuracy or better, while others have been entirely misleading. In order to eliminate ...

Recently new materials were introduced to enhance different aspects of automotive safety while minimizing the weight added to the vehicle. Such foams are no longer isotropic but typically show a preferred strong direction due to their ...

Components for occupant restraint systems usually undergo structural analysis before hardware prototypes are made. In most cases the simulation is nonlinear in geometry, material and boundary conditions. Additionally, the load case ...